Reprogramming Sovereignty: Financial Algorithms and the Future of Political Economy
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article examines the epistemological foundations of sovereignty in the context of the declining liberal economic order and the emergence of strategic statecraft. Drawing on Russia’s algorithmic response to Western sanctions, it introduces the concept of sovereign acceleration—a temporal regime enabling strategic outcomes independent of traditional capital accumulation. Utilizing a methodology grounded in strategic epistemology, comparative circuit analysis, and visual infographics, the study argues that new modalities of sovereignty emerge from the capacity to program financial circuits and redesign developmental trajectories beyond the Bretton Woods paradigm. The findings provide a reframing of political economy by integrating resource ontology, financial autonomy, and algorithmic governance into a framework for analyzing sovereign resilience.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
National Interest Academic Journal under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License The journal allows access or distribution of academic work without charge or registration. To support the exchange of knowledge Scope covers academic work in geopolitics. Geoeconomics and Innovation
Users can share, copy and distribute all information published in National Interest Academic Journal in any form or medium subject to the following conditions:
Citation — Permission to use, reproduce, distribute, or modify the work. But credit must be given to the owner of the work. If the work is used without credit, the name of the owner of the work will be Must obtain permission from the owner of the work first.
Noncommercial — The work may be used, reproduced, distributed, or modified. However, the work or article may not be used for commercial purposes.
Cannot be modified — The work may be used, reproduced, and distributed. But do not modify the work. unless permission is received from the owner of the work first
References
Acharya, A. (2014). The end of American world order. Polity Press.
Arrighi, G. (1994). The long twentieth century: Money, power and the origins of our times.
Verso.
Auer, R., & Böhme, R. (2021). Central bank digital currency: The quest for minimally invasive
technology. BIS Working Papers No. 948. Basel: BIS.
Bank of England. (2021). Central bank digital currency: Opportunities, challenges and design. London:
Bank of England.
Bank for International Settlements. (2021). CBDCs: An opportunity for the monetary system.
BIS. (2020). Cross-border payment systems and sovereignty. https://www.bis.org/
Bratton, B. (2016). The stack: On software and sovereignty. MIT Press.
Brunnermeier, M. K., James, H., & Landau, J. P. (2021). The digitalization of money.
Princeton University Press.
Cox, R. W. (1981). Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond International Relations theory.
Millennium, 10(2), 126–155.
Drezner, D. W. (2015). Targeted sanctions in a world of global finance. International Interactions, 41(4),
–764
Dugin, A. (2012). The fourth political theory. Arktos Media.
Eurasian Development Bank. (2024). Macroeconomic outlook 2024–2025.EDB.
Eichengreen, B. (2011). Exorbitant privilege: The rise and fall of the dollar. Oxford University
Press.
Eurasian Development Bank. (2024). Annual Integration Report. EDB.
Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics. Palgrave Macmillan.
Gallagher, K. P. (2016). The China triangle: Latin America’s China boom and the fate of the Washington
Consensus. Oxford University Press.
Hudson, M. (2003). Super imperialism: The origin and fundamentals of U.S. world dominance.
Pluto Press.
Hudson, M. (2021). The destiny of civilization: Finance capitalism, industrial capitalism or socialism.
ISLET.
International Monetary Fund. (2022). Digital money and sovereign risk. (IMF Working Paper).
International Monetary Fund.
Jessop, B. (2016). The state: Past, present, future. Polity.
Khazin, M. (2018).Lestnitsa v nebo: Dialogi o vlasti, kar'yere i mirovoy elite [Stairway to heaven:
Dialogues on power, career, and the global elite]. Moscow: Ripol Classic (In Russian).
Khazin, M. ,&Kobyakov,A. (2020). Zakat imperii dollara i konets Paks Amerikana[ The Decline of the
Dollar Empire and the End of Pax Americana]. Eksmo (In Russian).
Krugman, P. (2022, April 15). The twilight of dollar dominance. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/15/opinion/dollar-dominance.html
Milanovic, B. (2019). Capitalism, alone: The future of the system that rules the world.
Harvard University Press.
Morozov, E. (2013). To save everything, click here: The folly of technological solutionism. Public Affairs.
Roubini, N. (2022). MegaThreats: Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future.
Little, Brown
Schmitt, C. (2005). The nomos of the earth in the international law of the jus publicum Europaeum (G.
L. Ulmen, Trans.). Telos Press.(Original work published 1950).
Srnicek, N. (2017). Platform capitalism. Polity Press.
Subacchi, P. (2020). The currency of power: The IMF and monetary cooperation since Bretton Woods.
Oxford University Press.
Suwan-achariya, S. (2025). Algorithm of sovereign economy [Unpublished manuscript]. Author.
SWIFT Institute. (2020). Impact of artificial intelligence on financial messaging and compliance. (SWIFT
Institute Working Paper No. 2020-002).SWIFT Institute.
Tooze, A. (2022). Shutdown: How COVID shook the world’s economy. Penguin.
Tooze, A. (2023). The sanctions weapon: How Western finance changed global order.
Columbia University Press.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism. Public Affairs.